A rare malignant tumour of the ocular surface.
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare malignant tumour arising from melanocytes in the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye. It may develop from a pre-existing pigmented lesion or arise without a previous visible lesion.
Although uncommon, conjunctival melanoma can recur locally and may spread to nearby lymph nodes or, less commonly, other parts of the body. Early diagnosis and specialist treatment are important.
Conjunctival melanoma may appear as:
Risk factors associated with conjunctival melanoma include older age, fair skin and light-coloured eyes, prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and pre-existing conjunctival melanocytic lesions, particularly primary acquired melanosis (PAM) with atypia. A history of ocular or cutaneous melanoma may also be relevant. In some cases, however, no specific risk factor can be identified.
Diagnosis begins with a detailed ophthalmic examination, often using slit-lamp examination and photography to document the lesion.
Suspicious lesions usually require excisional biopsy or surgical biopsy for histopathological examination. Additional imaging or assessment of nearby lymph nodes may be recommended depending on the characteristics of the tumour.
Treatment depends on the size, location and extent of the tumour and may include:
Long-term ophthalmic follow-up is important because conjunctival melanoma can recur.
When to seek an assessment
You should seek specialist assessment if you notice a new, enlarging or changing pigmented lesion on the conjunctiva, particularly if it becomes raised, develops irregular pigmentation or is associated with persistent redness or irritation.
A specialist ocular oncology assessment is recommended for any suspicious or changing conjunctival pigmented lesion.
Because any change in a conjunctival lesion requires prompt ophthalmic assessment.
This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for an individual consultation.
